Regenerative medicine A–Z

Glossary

Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)

A multipotent stromal cell with strong immunomodulatory and paracrine activity, the most s…

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Exosome

A nanoscale extracellular vesicle carrying regenerative signalling molecules between cells…

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GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice)

A regulated quality system ensuring cells are produced sterile, characterised and reproduc…

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IRB / Ethics Approval

Independent ethics-board review of a treatment protocol — a key safety signal.…

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Autologous

Cells taken from and returned to the same person.…

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Allogeneic

Donor cells (e.g. umbilical-cord) given to another person.…

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Muse Cell

Stress-tolerant pluripotent-like cell that homes to injured tissue without forming tumours…

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Wharton's Jelly

The gelatinous tissue of the umbilical cord, a rich source of young MSCs.…

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Paracrine Effect

Healing driven by signalling molecules cells secrete, rather than the cells becoming tissu…

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Differentiation

The process by which a stem cell becomes a specialised cell type.…

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Pluripotent

Able to become almost any cell type in the body.…

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Immunomodulation

Re-balancing an over- or under-active immune response.…

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Cell Banking

Certified storage of characterised cell lines for reproducible therapy.…

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Regenerative Medicine

The field of repairing or replacing damaged cells, tissue and organs.…

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Stem Cell Tourism

Travelling abroad to access cell therapies not available or affordable at home.…

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Neuro-inflammation

Inflammation of nervous-system tissue, a target in many neuro protocols.…

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Intravenous (IV) Delivery

Infusion of cells into the bloodstream.…

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Intrathecal Delivery

Delivery of cells into the spinal canal for neurological targets.…

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Placental MSC

MSCs sourced from placental amniotic membrane.…

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Chondrocyte

The cartilage-building cell used in joint-repair protocols.…

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Balneotherapy

Therapeutic use of mineral water, gases and curative mud — a Bulgarian speciality used in …

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Climatotherapy

Using a region's climate (sea air, sunshine, altitude) as part of rehabilitation.…

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Growth Factor

A signalling protein that stimulates cell growth and tissue repair.…

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Umbilical-Cord Cells

Young, potent allogeneic cells harvested ethically from donated cord tissue.…

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Potency

A measure of how strongly a cell preparation produces its intended biological effect.…

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Cell Viability

The proportion of living, functional cells in a preparation — a key quality metric.…

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Cryopreservation

Freezing cells at ultra-low temperature to preserve them for later use.…

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Cell Homing

The ability of certain cells to migrate to sites of injury or inflammation.…

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Teratoma

A tumour risk linked to some pluripotent cells — avoided by characterised, regulated proto…

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Advanced Therapy (ATMP)

The EU regulatory class covering gene, tissue and cell-based medicines.…

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Informed Consent

The documented process ensuring you understand benefits, risks and alternatives before tre…

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Medical Tourism

Travelling abroad for medical care, usually for access, quality or cost.…

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